창의성의 정의와 측정: 창의성 검사는 쓸만한가?

창의성의 정의와 측정: 창의성 검사는 쓸만한가?

Defining and measuring creativity: Are creativity tests worth using?

Arthur J. Cropley

창의성 검사는 발산적 사고, 연관짓기, 다양한 분야를 구성하고 결합하기 등등의 인지적 과정을 평가한다. 또한 창의성 검사는 동기부여, 유연성, 비의존상태에 대한 용인, 다름에 대한 긍정적 태도 등과 같은 비인지적 측면을 측정하기도 한다. 평가자들은 다양한 종류의 검사에 대하여 높은 수준으로 점수를 줄 수 있고, 수용가능한 수준에서 내적으로 안정적이다. 창의성검사는 선생님의 평가와 같은 다른 준거들과 어느 정도의 연관성을 보이며, 성인이 되었을 때의 행동을 예측하는데 유용하기도 하다. 즉, 창의성검사는 연구나 교육 목적 모두에 있어서 유용하다. 그러나 이 검사들은 창의성의 잠재력을 평가하는 것에 불과하며, 그 이유는 창의적인 성취는 창의성 검사로는 측정할 수 없는 기술, 지식, 정신건강, 심지어는 '운'에 의해서도 좌우되기 때문이다. 그러나 창의성 개념에 대한 다양한 측면을 보면, 평가는 하나의 검사점수가 아닌 다수의 점수에 기반해서 이뤄져야 함을 알 수 있다.

Creativity tests measure specific cognitive processes such as thinking divergently, making associations, constructing and combining broad categories, or working on many ideas simultaneously. They also measure noncognitive aspects of creativity such as motivation (e.g., impulse expression, desire for novelty, risk-taking), and facilitatory personal properties like flexibility, tolerance for independence, or positive attitudes to differentness. Raters can score the various kinds of test with substantial levels of agreement, while scores are internally stable to an acceptable degree. The tests also correlate to a reasonable degree with various criteria of creativity such as teacher ratings, and are useful predictors of adult behavior. Thus, they are useful in both research and education. However, they are best thought of as measures of creative potential because creative achievement depends on additional factors not measured by creativity tests, such as technical skill, knowledge of a field, mental health, or even opportunity. However, the multidimensional creativity concept they define indicates that assessments should be based on several tests, rather than relying on a single score.

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Defining and measuring creativity: Are creativity tests worth using?

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DOI:

10.1080/02783190009554069

Arthur J. Cropley

pages 72-79

Publishing models and article dates explained

• Received: Mar 2000
• Accepted: Sep 2000
• Published online: 20 Jan 2010

Article Views: 1838

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Creativity tests measure specific cognitive processes such as thinking divergently, making associations, constructing and combining broad categories, or working on many ideas simultaneously. They also measure noncognitive aspects of creativity such as motivation (e.g., impulse expression, desire for novelty, risk‐taking), and facilitatory personal properties like flexibility, tolerance for independence, or positive attitudes to differentness. Raters can score the various kinds of test with substantial levels of agreement, while scores are internally stable to an acceptable degree. The tests also correlate to a reasonable degree with various criteria of creativity such as teacher ratings, and are useful predictors of adult behavior. Thus, they are useful in both research and education. However, they are best thought of as measures of creative potential because creative achievement depends on additional factors not measured by creativity tests, such as technical skill, knowledge of a field, mental health, or even opportunity. However, the multidimensional creativity concept they define indicates that assessments should be based on several tests, rather than relying on a single score.